Which specific chromosomal abnormality causes Turner syndrome in human females, characterized by sexual infantilism and short stature?

💡 Solution & Explanation

Turner syndrome results from monosomy X, where affected phenotypic females possess only a single X chromosome instead of the normal pair due to meiotic nondisjunction. Trisomy 13 causes Patau syndrome, marked by severe neurological and structural malformations. Trisomy 18 leads to Edwards syndrome with characteristic clenched fists and overlapping fingers. An XXY genotype produces Klinefelter syndrome in phenotypic males, featuring hypogonadism and tall stature.