Which Article of the Indian Constitution guarantees the protection of life and personal liberty, and explicitly states that no person shall be deprived of life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law?

💡 Solution & Explanation

Article 21 enshrines the protection of life and personal liberty, serving as a fundamental shield against arbitrary state action. Through judicial interpretations starting from the Maneka Gandhi case in 1978, the Supreme Court expanded this provision to include due process of law alongside the literal procedure established by law. Article 20 deals with protection in respect of conviction for offenses, while Article 22 provides safeguards against arbitrary arrest and detention.