Who among the following leaders organized the 'Red Shirt' movement (Khudai Khidmatgars) among the Pashtuns in the North-West Frontier Province?

💡 Solution & Explanation

Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan established the Khudai Khidmatgar movement in the North-West Frontier Province during the early 1930s, organizing the Pashtuns into a dedicated non-violent force that wore distinctive red shirts. Widely revered as the Frontier Gandhi, he strongly opposed the partition of India alongside the Indian National Congress. Alternative leaders like Maulana Azad and Shaukat Ali were prominent in the Khilafat and mainstream nationalist struggles elsewhere. The movement remains a significant topic in modern Indian history regarding the nationalist upsurge in tribal frontier regions.