What thermodynamic cycle is used as an ideal standard for reciprocating internal combustion spark-ignition engines?

💡 Solution & Explanation

The Otto cycle serves as the theoretical thermodynamic cycle modeling spark-ignition internal combustion engines that run on petrol or gas. It assumes constant volume heat addition and heat rejection processes alongside adiabatic compression and expansion. Conversely, the Diesel cycle models compression-ignition engines operating with constant pressure heat addition, while the Rankine cycle applies to vapor power plants. Thermodynamic cycles frequently appear in technical engineering and general physics multiple-choice questions.