Consider the macro-climatic controls governing global tropical monsoon regimes: Statement I: The annual onset of the Southwest Monsoon over the southern tip of the Indian peninsula is triggered by the northward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and the development of an intense thermal low over the Tibetan Plateau. Statement II: The Intertropical Convergence Zone remains stationary over the equator throughout the entire calendar year.

💡 Solution & Explanation

Statement I is correct because the seasonal thermal contrast and northward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (monsoon trough) draw moist maritime air masses across the equator into South Asia. Statement II is incorrect because the Intertropical Convergence Zone migrates seasonally following the zenith position of the sun, moving significantly northward during the northern hemisphere summer. Planetary wind and pressure belt migration drives tropical monsoon climatology worldwide.