Which industrial sector forms the backbone of manufacturing exports and small-scale enterprise clusters in Ludhiana, Punjab?

💡 Solution & Explanation

Ludhiana is globally renowned as a major hub for hosiery, woolen garments, and bicycle manufacturing, driving the state's small and medium enterprise export economy. Heavy shipbuilding requires coastal access, which Punjab lacks. Aerospace manufacturing is concentrated in designated national defense hubs. Petroleum refining is prominent in coastal states and specific inland locations, but not Ludhiana's core SME cluster.