Analyze the circumstances leading to the launch of the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920-22: 1. The agitation was inaugurated by Mahatma Gandhi combining the grievances of the Khilafat cause with nationwide protests against the Rowlatt Acts and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. 2. The movement achieved its objective of securing complete independence immediately before being suspended due to peaceful demonstrations in Bardoli. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

💡 Solution & Explanation

Statement 1 is correct because Mahatma Gandhi integrated the Khilafat agitation concerning the Ottoman Caliphate with national outrage over the Rowlatt repression and martial law atrocities in Punjab to forge Hindu-Muslim unity. Statement 2 is incorrect because the movement did not achieve immediate independence and was suspended following the violent arson incident at Chauri Chaura in Gorakhpur district, not due to peaceful Bardoli protests. The suspension caused considerable disappointment among radical nationalist leaders. Gandhiji emphasized non-violent non-cooperation as the sole method of political resistance.