History • Modern IndiaHard
Consider the following statements regarding the establishment and early phase of the Indian National Congress (1885): 1. The INC was founded by Allan Octavian Hume, a retired British civil servant, with its first session held in Bombay under the presidentship of W.C. Bonnerjee. 2. The Safety Valve theory suggested that Hume founded the Congress with British viceroy approval to provide a harmless safety valve for mounting popular discontent. 3. The early nationalist leaders, known as Moderates, demanded immediate complete independence (Purna Swaraj) and advocated armed rebellion against British rule.
A. 1 and 2 only✓ Correct Answer
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
💡 Solution & Explanation
Statements one and two are correct. A.O. Hume founded the Congress with W.C. Bonnerjee presiding over the first session in 1885, and the safety valve theory explains the official British acquiescence. Statement three is incorrect because early Moderates did not demand Purna Swaraj or advocate armed rebellion; instead, they professed loyalty to the British Crown and sought constitutional reforms, expansion of legislative councils, and Indianization of civil services through petitioning and prayers. Purna Swaraj was adopted much later at the Lahore session in 1929.
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