Which Constitutional Amendment Act added the Ninth Schedule to the Constitution of India, a protective umbrella initially utilized by progressive states like Kerala to shield land reform laws from judicial review?

💡 Solution & Explanation

The First Constitutional Amendment Act of 1951 introduced the Ninth Schedule to shield land reform and abolition laws from judicial scrutiny under Articles infringing fundamental rights. The Forty-Second Amendment is known as the mini-constitution for its sweeping changes during the Emergency, while the Seventy-Third Amendment institutionalized Panchayati Raj. The First Amendment also added restrictions to free speech under Article 19(2). This amendment remains a landmark topic in Indian polity regarding the separation of powers and judicial review.