History • Medieval IndiaMedium
Consider the following statements regarding the Bhakti and Sufi movements in medieval India: 1. Kabir emphasized formless devotion (Nirguna bhakti) and vehemently criticized caste distinctions and ritualistic orthodoxies of both Hinduism and Islam. 2. Guru Nanak Dev founded Sikhism advocating honest labor truthful living and meditation on the divine name while rejecting idol worship and ritualism. 3. The Suhrawardi Sufi order in India strictly rejected state patronage and refused financial grants from rulers living in extreme ascetic poverty. Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only✓ Correct Answer
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
💡 Solution & Explanation
Unlike the Chishti order which avoided royal patronage and accepted unconditional gifts from common people the Suhrawardi order actively accepted state grants and held high official positions in the administration making the third statement incorrect. The first and second statements accurately describe the radical socio-religious reform messages preached by Kabir and Guru Nanak. Both saints bridged communal divides through vernacular poetry and inclusive community kitchens.
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