What is the primary geomorphic process responsible for the formation of the famous hanging valleys observed in the higher reaches of Uttarakhand, such as the Bhagirathi and Alaknanda river basins?

💡 Solution & Explanation

Hanging valleys are formed when tributary glaciers join a main valley that has been significantly deepened and widened by a larger glacier. When the ice melts, the tributary valley remains suspended at a higher elevation above the main valley floor. Fluvial erosion and wind deflation do not produce this specific glacial trough morphology. The glaciated valleys of the Higher Himalayas in Uttarakhand provide textbook examples of hanging valleys and associated waterfalls.