In the legal history surrounding the interpretation of Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles, which landmark constitutional doctrine established that the Preamble and Directive Principles must be read in harmony with Part III to protect socio-economic rights in states like Chhattisgarh?

💡 Solution & Explanation

The Doctrine of Harmonious Construction is applied by constitutional courts to resolve conflicts between different provisions, ensuring that neither Fundamental Rights nor Directive Principles are rendered nugatory. Pith and substance relates to legislative competence under the seventh schedule, whereas severability deals with striking down unconstitutional portions of a statute. Harmonious interpretation underpins welfare jurisprudence in central Indian states.