Which medieval Malabar kingdom was established by the Kolathiri royal house, and what was its historical capital port famous for spice trade and diplomatic relations with China?

💡 Solution & Explanation

The Kolathunadu kingdom, ruled by the Mushika or Kolathiri dynasty, had its historic power centers around Ezhimala and Baliapatam, serving as a renowned center of international trade visited by Venetian and Chinese voyagers. While other regional ports existed, Valarpattanam and Baliapatam functioned as major timber and spice export hubs. The Mushika-vamsa epic composed by Atula details the genealogy and achievements of this royal house.