Indian Polity • ConstitutionHard
Analyze the legal implications of Article 31B read with the Ninth Schedule of the Indian Constitution: What was the primary constitutional purpose behind the introduction of the Ninth Schedule through the First Amendment Act of 1951?
A. To protect state-enacted land reform laws from judicial review on the grounds of violation of Fundamental Rights✓ Correct Answer
B. To empower the President to create new Union Territories without parliamentary ratification
C. To decentralize financial resources between the Union government and municipal bodies
D. To establish special administrative tribunals for handling civil disputes involving public sector undertakings
💡 Solution & Explanation
The First Constitutional Amendment Act of 1951 inserted Article 31B and the Ninth Schedule to shield specific land reform legislations from being challenged in courts for violating Fundamental Rights. Although laws placed in the Ninth Schedule initially enjoyed absolute immunity, the Supreme Court ruled in the I.R. Coelho case that laws added after April 1973 are subject to judicial review if they violate the basic structure of the Constitution.
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