History • Ancient IndiaMedium
In the context of the socio-economic structure described in Sangam literature, what does the term 'Parian' or 'Panar' signify in ancient Kerala society?
A. Itinerant bardic musicians and traditional genealogists✓ Correct Answer
B. Foreign maritime merchants trading in Roman gold
C. Royal tax collectors stationed at coastal port checkposts
D. Specialized iron-smiths producing megalithic weapons
💡 Solution & Explanation
Panars were traditional wandering bards, musicians, and dancers who frequented royal courts and chieftaincies in ancient Kerala, performing martial and devotional songs recorded in classical Sangam anthologies. They are distinct from trading classes or administrative officials like the Kuruvan or Udayar. The sociological study of Sangam texts reveals a vibrant performing arts culture centered around these itinerant artists.
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