Consider the following statements regarding the Later Chera (Kulasekhara) Empire of Mahodayapuram: 1. The empire was governed with the active assistance of regional governors and local chieftains known as Nattudaiyavars. 2. The capital city of Mahodayapuram is identified with modern Kodungallur. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

💡 Solution & Explanation

The Later Chera kingdom of Mahodayapuram, which ruled Kerala from the 9th to the 12th century CE, had its capital at Mahodayapuram (modern Kodungallur) and administered its territories through local chieftains designated as Nattudaiyavars. Both statements are accurate historical facts supported by numerous epigraphical records. This era witnessed the consolidation of Malayalam language, temple-centric socio-religious institutions, and vibrant overseas trade. The kingdom ultimately fragmented following prolonged conflicts with the Cholas.