In soil science, what term is given to a distinct soil layer running parallel to the soil surface, possessing physical, chemical, and biological characteristics different from the layers above and below?

💡 Solution & Explanation

A soil horizon refers to a specific layer running roughly parallel to the land surface with distinct physical, chemical, and biological properties compared to adjacent layers. Terms like regolith denote the loose unconsolidated material overlying bedrock, while solum encompasses the upper soil horizons influenced by plant roots. Soil profiles and horizon designations form a fundamental component of physical geography syllabi.