Consider the distribution and characteristics of laterite soils in Kerala: Statement I: Laterite soils cover a major portion of the midland (Idanad) topography and are rich in hydrated oxides of iron and aluminium but deficient in nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash. Statement II: These soils develop under conditions of high temperature and heavy alternating wet and dry spells that promote intense leaching of silica. Which of the following is correct?

💡 Solution & Explanation

Lateritic soils in Kerala cover extensive midland tracts and are formed through tropical weathering where intense leaching removes silica and leaves behind sesquioxides of iron and aluminium, rendering them acidic and nutrient-deficient. They become hard like brick upon drying and are extensively quarried for building blocks. Statement II correctly identifies the climatic mechanism of alternating monsoon rainfall and dry periods responsible for this pedogenesis. They support cash crops like rubber, cashew, and coconut when properly fertilized.