Consider the following statements regarding the Kulasekhara (Later Chera) kingdom of Mahodayapuram: 1. The kingdom witnessed a remarkable synthesis of Sanskrit and Malayalam, leading to the emergence of Manipravalam literature. 2. The administration was entirely centralized under the direct bureaucratic control of the king without any feudal intermediaries. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

💡 Solution & Explanation

The Kulasekhara period witnessed a remarkable synthesis of Sanskrit and Malayalam, giving rise to Manipravalam literature, making the first statement correct. The second statement is incorrect because the Later Chera state was characterized by a decentralized, feudal administrative structure reliant on regional chieftains and temple assemblies rather than a direct bureaucracy. Kerala medieval history is a specialized topic for state public service commissions.