Which Constitutional Amendment Act provided constitutional status to the cooperative societies by adding Article 43B as a Directive Principle and inserting Part IXB into the Indian Constitution?

💡 Solution & Explanation

The 97th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2011 gave constitutional status and protection to cooperative societies by amending Article 19, adding Article 43B, and inserting Part IXB into the Constitution. This amendment aimed to ensure democratic, autonomous, and professional functioning of cooperative societies across India. The Supreme Court later struck down portions of Part IXB relating to exclusive state jurisdiction, ruling that state-level cooperatives do not require central ratification. Cooperative societies fall under the State List of the Seventh Schedule.