Under Article 105 of the Constitution of India, the privileges and immunities of the members of Parliament are defined with reference to which of the following?

💡 Solution & Explanation

Article 105(3) of the Constitution of India specifies that parliamentary privileges and immunities are defined with reference to the House of Commons of the British Parliament at the time of the commencement of the Indian Constitution, until Parliament defines them by law. Other options pointing to American rules or exclusive internal ethics committees are legally incorrect. The 44th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1978 modified Article 105 to remove explicit reference to the British House of Commons while retaining the substantive privileges.