The 'Ulgulan' (Great Tumult) is the historical name given to which of the following tribal uprisings against British rule?

💡 Solution & Explanation

The Ulgulan or Great Tumult refers to the historic Munda uprising led by Birsa Munda during 1899 and 1900 against British land policies and exploitative dikus in the Chota Nagpur region. Alternative rebellions like the Santhal Hul occurred earlier in 1855, and the Kol Mutiny took place in 1831, lacking the specific socio-religious reform dimension unique to Birsa's movement. The uprising led directly to the enactment of the Chota Nagpur Tenancy Act of 1908, which protected tribal land rights. Birsa Munda died in Ranchi jail during the course of the crackdown.