Geography • World GeographyHard
Examine the atmospheric-oceanic interactions associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation phenomenon: Statement I: During an El Niño event, trade winds across the equatorial Pacific Ocean weaken or reverse direction, causing warm surface water to accumulate along the western coast of South America and disrupting normal coastal upwelling. Statement II: This disruption suppresses nutrient-rich upwelling, causing massive declines in marine fisheries while triggering severe drought conditions over Australia and parts of Southeast Asia. Which of the following is correct?
A. Statement I is correct and Statement II is incorrect
B. Statement I is incorrect and Statement II is correct
C. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct✓ Correct Answer
D. Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
💡 Solution & Explanation
Both statements are correct as the relaxation of Walker circulation during El Niño alters global atmospheric pressure patterns and teleconnections worldwide. Climatologists monitor sea surface temperature anomalies in the central and eastern tropical Pacific to forecast monsoon performance in South Asia. Fisheries off Peru collapse temporarily during these events due to the cessation of cold, nutrient-rich upwelling currents.
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