What is the process by which green plants synthesize organic food from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight?

💡 Solution & Explanation

Photosynthesis is the biochemical process wherein photoautotrophs convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen utilizing solar energy trapped by chlorophyll pigments. Cellular respiration operates inversely by breaking down glucose molecules to release metabolic energy, while transpiration involves the evaporation of water vapor primarily through stomatal pores in plant leaves. This conversion forms the fundamental basis of primary productivity in global ecosystems, sustaining nearly all trophic food webs. Chloroplasts serve as the primary subcellular sites where light-dependent and light-independent reactions take place.