History • Medieval IndiaMedium
In the agrarian and revenue administration of the medieval Chola Empire, what did the term 'Vellanvagai' denote?
A. Lands gifted to Brahmana scholars exempt from taxes
B. Lands belonging to non-brahmin peasant proprietors✓ Correct Answer
C. Endowment lands dedicated to the maintenance of Hindu temples
D. Service tenure lands allotted to military commanders
💡 Solution & Explanation
In Chola land classification records, Vellanvagai referred to lands held by non-brahmin cultivators belonging to the Vellalar caste who formed the backbone of rural agricultural production. Brahmadeya lands were granted to Brahmins, Shalabhoga lands supported educational institutions, and Devadana lands funded temple upkeep. Precise land categorization enabled efficient revenue collection across provincial Nadus.
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