History • Medieval IndiaHard
Consider the following statements regarding the Bhakti movement in medieval Tamil Nadu: 1. The Alvars were devotional saint-poets who championed Shaivism and composed ecstatic hymns compiled into the Tirumurai. 2. The Nayanars were saint-poets dedicated to Lord Vishnu whose devotional verses were collated into the Nalayira Divya Prabandham. 3. Both movements democratized religious expression by utilizing vernacular Tamil instead of Sanskrit for spiritual communion. Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 3 only✓ Correct Answer
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 2 and 3 only
💡 Solution & Explanation
Statement three is correct because both Alvars and Nayanars popularized the Bhakti movement by composing devotional literature in vernacular Tamil, making spiritual philosophy accessible across caste boundaries. Statements one and two contain swapped definitions: Alvars were Vaishnavite poets whose hymns form the Nalayira Divya Prabandham, whereas Nayanars were Shaivite saints whose verses constitute the Tirumurai. This literary renaissance challenged orthodox ritualism.
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