With respect to Constitutional Amendments in India, which of the following provisions requires ratification by the legislatures of not less than one-half of the states by simple majority?

💡 Solution & Explanation

Provisions concerning federal features, such as the election procedure of the President under Article 54 and Article 55, require a special majority of Parliament along with ratification by at least half of the state legislatures under Article 368. Changes to state boundaries, creation of legislative councils, and parliamentary procedural rules can be passed by a simple majority of Parliament without state ratification. Federal amendments safeguard the structural balance between Union and states.