Consider the following types of rainfall: 1. Convectional rainfall occurs when warm, moist air rises rapidly through intense surface heating, common in equatorial regions. 2. Orographic rainfall takes place when moisture-laden air is forced to ascend a mountain barrier, resulting in heavy precipitation on the windward side. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

💡 Solution & Explanation

Both statements correctly describe fundamental mechanisms of precipitation governed by thermodynamic and topographic controls. Convectional rainfall is driven by buoyancy forces in unstable atmospheric columns, producing afternoon thunderstorms. Orographic precipitation relies on forced mechanical lifting over elevated topography, creating a distinct rain shadow zone on the leeward slope. Atmospheric moisture capacity decreases as air expands and cools during adiabatic ascent.