Consider the characteristics of major global ocean currents: Statement I: The Gulf Stream is a warm ocean current originating in the Gulf of Mexico that flows northward along the eastern coast of North America. Statement II: The Humboldt Current is a cold ocean current flowing equatorward along the western coast of South America, cooling adjacent coastal deserts. Which of the following is correct?

💡 Solution & Explanation

The Gulf Stream transfers immense thermal energy from tropical latitudes toward Western Europe, significantly moderating regional winter temperatures. The Humboldt Current brings cold subantarctic water northward along Peru and Chile, suppressing rainfall and generating rich marine upwelling fisheries. Both statements accurately reflect foundational oceanographic current patterns. These boundary currents play vital roles in regulating global climate and marine biological productivity.