Analyze the socio-reform and political awakening in 20th-century Tamil Nadu: 1. The Self-Respect Movement, founded by E.V. Ramasamy in 1925, aimed at establishing a casteless society and eradicating traditional religious rituals that reinforced social inequality. 2. The Justice Party formed the first elected ministry in the Madras Presidency under the dyarchy system established by the 1919 Act. 3. The Vaikom Satyagraha of 1924-25 in neighboring Travancore received financial and moral backing exclusively from conservative orthodox groups opposing temple entry.

💡 Solution & Explanation

Statements one and two are correct. E.V. Ramasamy founded the Self-Respect Movement in 1925 to promote rationalism and social equality, and the Justice Party won the 1920 elections to form the first ministry under provincial dyarchy. Statement three is incorrect because the Vaikom Satyagraha was championed by social reformers, Congress leaders, and Periyar to secure temple entry roads for untouchables, facing stiff opposition from orthodox groups rather than support. The movement marked a milestone in the temple entry legislation era in South India.