In structural geology, which specific type of dip-slip fault involves the hanging wall moving downward relative to the footwall under the influence of tensional stress?

💡 Solution & Explanation

A normal fault develops when extensional tectonic forces pull the crust apart, causing the hanging wall block to slide downward along the fault plane relative to the footwall. Reverse and thrust faults form under compressional stress regimes where the hanging wall moves upward. Strike-slip faults exhibit predominantly horizontal displacement parallel to the strike direction with minimal vertical slip. Understanding fault mechanics is essential for seismic hazard assessment across active mountain belts and rift zones.