General Science • BiologyHard
During protein biosynthesis in eukaryotic cells, what is the precise role of transfer RNA molecules carrying specific amino acids?
A. Recognizing messenger RNA codons via complementary anticodons to deliver correct amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain✓ Correct Answer
B. Transcribing genetic instructions from nuclear DNA directly onto ribosomal template strands
C. Unwinding the double helix during translation initiation in the nucleoplasm
D. Degrading damaged polypeptide chains to recycle free amino acids in lysosomes
💡 Solution & Explanation
Transfer RNA molecules function as adaptor molecules during translation by matching their specific anticodon sequence with complementary codons on messenger RNA strands while bearing the corresponding amino acid at their acceptor stem, thereby assembling proteins accurately on ribosomes. Incorrect options confuse transfer RNA with messenger transcription enzymes or hydrolytic proteases. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases attach the correct amino acid to its designated transfer RNA.
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