In the context of the tectonic evolution of the Punjab plain, which structural basin separates the peninsular shield block from the advancing Himalayan foredeep where thick alluvial sediments have accumulated?

💡 Solution & Explanation

The Punjab plain overlies the northern extension of the Indo-Ganga trough, a deep foredeep basin formed between the rising Himalayas and the Indian peninsular shield, which has been filled with thousands of meters of alluvial debris. The Cambay Rift Basin is located further south in Gujarat and is associated with Deccan volcanism. The Narmada-Son Lineament is a major structural fault zone crossing central peninsular India. The Damodar Valley basin is a Gondwana coal-bearing graben situated in eastern India. Knowledge of basin tectonics is fundamental for hydrocarbon exploration and seismic hazard assessment in northern India.