Which Delhi Sultan is credited with establishing the 'Diwan-i-Arz', a dedicated military department to organize and maintain the royal army?

💡 Solution & Explanation

Ghiyas-ud-din Balban established the Diwan-i-Arz as a dedicated military ministry to reorganize the royal army, maintain direct oversight of troop quality, and protect the Delhi Sultanate against internal rebellions and Mongol incursions. Later rulers like Alauddin Khalji expanded upon these administrative military reforms by introducing the branding of horses and descriptive rolls of soldiers.