Which Constitutional Amendment Act added the Ninth Schedule to the Indian Constitution to protect land reform laws from judicial review?

💡 Solution & Explanation

The First Constitutional Amendment Act of 1951 introduced the Ninth Schedule along with Article 31B to shield specific land reform legislations from judicial review on the grounds of violation of fundamental rights. This constitutional device was enacted by the provisional parliament to expedite the abolition of the zamindari system and promote agrarian equality. Subsequent amendments brought various other laws under this protective umbrella, though the Supreme Court later ruled that laws placed in the Ninth Schedule after 1973 remain subject to judicial scrutiny under the basic structure doctrine. Constitutional amendments are high-priority topics for Indian polity.