History • Ancient IndiaHard
Analyze the contributions and philosophical tenets associated with the Ajivika sect founded by Makkhali Gosala during the sixth century BCE: 1. The Ajivikas believed in the doctrine of strict determinism or Niyati, asserting that human effort, free will, and karma cannot alter the pre-ordained course of an individual's destiny. 2. They rejected all forms of asceticism, advocating instead for material indulgence and ritual sacrifices to achieve spiritual liberation. 3. Emperor Ashoka and his grandson Dasharatha patronized the Ajivika ascetics by excavating polished rock-cut cave dwellings in the Barabar and Nagarjuni hills. Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1 and 3 only✓ Correct Answer
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
💡 Solution & Explanation
The Ajivika philosophy championed absolute fatalism under Niyati, holding that cosmic unfolding occurs automatically without human intervention changing outcomes. They practiced severe asceticism and nudity, directly contradicting the suggestion that they promoted material indulgence. Mauryan rulers carved out magnificent dwelling caves in the Barabar hills for these monks, demonstrating state religious tolerance. The sect competed fiercely with Buddhism and Jainism before gradually declining in medieval South India.
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