Under Article 108 of the Indian Constitution, who has the constitutional authority to summon a joint sitting of both Houses of Parliament in case of a deadlock over a bill?

💡 Solution & Explanation

Article 108 grants the President of India the exclusive authority to summon a joint sitting of both parliamentary houses when a legislative deadlock arises over ordinary bills. Incorrect choices like the Speaker preside over the convened joint session rather than initiate its summoning. Money bills and constitutional amendment bills are explicitly exempted from the provision of a joint sitting.