General Science • ChemistryHard
What is the principal reason why transition metals exhibit variable oxidation states in their chemical compounds?
A. The complete shielding of outer d-electrons by inner s-orbitals
B. The very small energy difference between (n minus 1) d-orbitals and ns-orbitals✓ Correct Answer
C. Their extremely high electronegativity values across all periods
D. The total absence of unpaired electrons in their ground state atomic configurations
💡 Solution & Explanation
Transition elements possess valence electrons in both the outermost s-orbital and the penultimate d-orbital. Because the energy difference between these orbitals is remarkably small, electrons from both levels can participate in chemical bonding, allowing atoms to exhibit multiple stable oxidation states. Large electronegativity or complete shielding would prevent this flexible electron participation. Variable oxidation states allow transition metal ions to function effectively as homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts.
More General Science Chemistry questions
- Which metal is primarily used to coat iron sheets in the process of galvanization to prevent atmospheric…
- Which of the following compounds is used as an artificial sweetener in food products for diabetic patients?
- Which of the following elements is a p-block metalloid?
- Consider the following statements regarding soaps and synthetic detergents: 1. Soaps are sodium or potassium…
- In the extraction of iron from its oxide ores in a blast furnace, what is the primary role of limestone added…