The alluvial plains of Punjab are broadly subdivided into distinct geomorphic units based on flood frequency and soil characteristics. What is the local term used to describe the upland alluvial plains that lie above the flood level and are formed of older alluvium?

💡 Solution & Explanation

The upland alluvial plains consisting of older alluvium that are safe from regular annual floods are designated as Bhangar across the northern Indo-Gangetic plains. The term Bet refers to the low-lying floodplains adjacent to rivers that receive fresh deposition of silt during every monsoon flood. Khader is synonymous with the newer alluvial deposits found in active flood channels, which contrast with the higher older alluvium. Dhayal specifically denotes the high upland tracts found between river terraces in certain parts of Punjab. Recognizing these soil units aids in agricultural planning and flood management.