Which of the following soil types in India is formed primarily under conditions of alternating wet and dry tropical climates through intense leaching, making it rich in iron and aluminium oxides?

💡 Solution & Explanation

Laterite soils develop in tropical regions characterized by high temperatures and alternating wet and dry seasons, where heavy rainfall causes intense leaching of soluble silica. This chemical weathering leaves behind residual accumulations of insoluble iron and aluminum oxides, imparting a characteristic reddish-brown color to the soil. Black cotton soil is formed from weathered volcanic basalt, whereas alluvial soils are deposited by river systems. Laterite soils are generally poor in nitrogen and phosphorus but suitable for crops like cashew and tea when fertilized.