Which enzyme present in human saliva initiates the chemical breakdown of dietary starches into simpler disaccharides like maltose?

💡 Solution & Explanation

Salivary amylase, also known as ptyalin, is secreted by the salivary glands and begins the chemical digestion of carbohydrates by breaking down complex starches into maltose. Enzymes like pepsin function strictly in the acidic environment of the stomach for protein breakdown, whereas trypsin is produced in the pancreas. The human mouth maintains a nearly neutral or slightly acidic pH around 6.8, which is optimal for salivary amylase activity. This process marks the initial phase of human digestive physiology.