Which Constitutional Amendment Act substituted the term 'internal disturbance' with 'armed rebellion' in Article 352 of the Indian Constitution regarding the proclamation of National Emergency?

💡 Solution & Explanation

The 44th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1978 replaced the vague expression internal disturbance with armed rebellion under Article 352 to restrict the misuse of National Emergency declarations. The 42nd Amendment made sweeping authoritarian changes during the Emergency, whereas the 52nd Amendment introduced the anti-defection law. UPSC aspirants frequently encounter questions distinguishing between the safeguards introduced by the 44th Amendment and the centralizing provisions of the 42nd Amendment.