General Science • ChemistryEasy
What is the primary chemical compound responsible for the permanent hardness of water?
A. Calcium bicarbonate
B. Magnesium bicarbonate
C. Calcium and magnesium sulfates or chlorides✓ Correct Answer
D. Sodium chloride
💡 Solution & Explanation
Permanent hardness of water arises due to the presence of dissolved soluble salts like calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, and magnesium chloride. Unlike temporary hardness caused by bicarbonates, this type cannot be eliminated by simple boiling and requires chemical methods such as ion exchange or treatment with washing soda. Water chemistry and purification methods are standard topics in general science sections.
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