Which medieval Malabar historical chronicle, written in Arabic-Malayalam by Zainuddin Makhdoom II, documents the Portuguese arrival and the socio-political conflicts in Kerala?

💡 Solution & Explanation

Tuhfat-ul-Mujahidin is a pioneering historical work composed in the sixteenth century that chronicles the history of Muslims in Malabar and details the resistance against Portuguese incursions. The text provides a rare indigenous perspective on European colonial ambitions and maritime warfare in the Indian Ocean. Keralolpatti is a traditional mythological narrative detailing the historical genesis of Kerala.