Indian Polity • ConstitutionHard
Analyze the scope of the Doctrine of Basic Structure established in the Kesavananda Bharati case (1973)—a historic judgment delivered by a 13-judge bench originating from a petition challenging land reform laws affecting properties in Kerala. Which of the following components has been explicitly affirmed by the Supreme Court as part of the basic structure?
A. The supremacy of the Constitution and judicial review✓ Correct Answer
B. The absolute immunity of all economic policies from judicial oversight
C. The power of the Parliament to alter the federal character at will
D. The supremacy of Directive Principles over Fundamental Rights in all matters
💡 Solution & Explanation
In Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, the Supreme Court ruled that Parliament cannot alter the basic structure of the Constitution, explicitly listing judicial review and constitutional supremacy as unamendable features. Economic policies do not possess absolute immunity from judicial review under this doctrine.
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