In the context of Part III of the Constitution, freedom of movement throughout the territory of India (Article 19(1)(d)) can be reasonably restricted in the interest of which of the following groups, a provision occasionally invoked by local administrations in tribal belts of Kerala like Wayanad during public health or tribal welfare emergencies?

💡 Solution & Explanation

Article 19(5) of the Indian Constitution empowers the state to impose reasonable restrictions on the freedom of movement either in the interest of the general public or for the protection of the interests of any Scheduled Tribe. This ensures tribal autonomy and protects indigenous cultures from outside exploitation. The choice concerning national security narrows down the provision incorrectly, whereas options referencing only emergencies or economic protection ignore the specific tribal welfare clause. This article is frequently tested in questions concerning fundamental rights and exceptions.