Which Constitutional Amendment Act is known as the 'Mini-Constitution' of India due to the extensive changes it brought to the constitutional text?

💡 Solution & Explanation

The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976 is famously termed the Mini-Constitution because it introduced sweeping modifications, including the addition of Fundamental Duties and the words Socialist, Secular, and Integrity to the Preamble. The 44th Amendment Act of 1978 subsequently repealed several contentious emergency-era provisions and safeguarded fundamental rights. Aspirants often review these amendments when studying the basic structure doctrine.