The foundational philosophical doctrines of Jainism emphasizing non-injury, truth, non-stealing, and celibacy were expanded to include non-possession by which prominent Tirthankara?

💡 Solution & Explanation

Mahavira, the twenty-fourth Tirthankara, added the fifth vow of non-possession or aparigraha to the four earlier vows previously propagated by Parshvanatha. Rishabhanatha was the first Tirthankara, while Parshvanatha established the fourfold restraint framework consisting of truth, non-injury, non-stealing, and non-possession of property. Mahavira institutionalized rigorous ascetic practices and organized the monastic community to propagate these vows across ancient India.