History • Ancient IndiaHard
Analyze the multifaceted socio-economic and literary framework of the ancient Sangam age in Tamil Nadu through the following statements: 1. The Pattinappalai composed by the poet Kadiyalur Uruttirankannanar provides a vivid description of the bustling international maritime trade, dockyards, and customs operations at the ancient Chola port of Kaveripattinam. 2. The ancient Tamil socio-economic framework categorized lands into five distinct eco-zones called Thinai, each associated with specific economic pursuits ranging from pastoralism in Mullai to plough agriculture in Marutham. 3. The trade relations with the Roman Empire are corroborated exclusively by indigenous Sangam literature without any supporting archaeological discoveries of Roman aureus coins or amphorae jars across Tamil Nadu sites. Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only✓ Correct Answer
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
💡 Solution & Explanation
Statements one and two are correct because Pattinappalai accurately describes the vibrant commercial activities at Puhar, and the Thinai concept correctly maps ecological zones to livelihoods. Statement three is incorrect because numerous hoards of Roman gold and silver coins, along with amphorae shards excavated at Arikamedu and Kodumanal, provide extensive archaeological proof of Indo-Roman trade alongside literary references. Excavations at coastal trading stations validate the accounts found in classical Tamil poems.
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