Examine the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court under Article 131: 1. It covers any dispute between the Government of India and one or more States. 2. It covers disputes arising out of any treaty, covenant, or agreement entered into before the commencement of the Constitution. 3. It includes disputes between private citizens and the Union government concerning contractual obligations. Which of the statements given above are correct?

💡 Solution & Explanation

Article 131 vests exclusive original jurisdiction in the Supreme Court for federal disputes involving the Union and states or inter-state conflicts, excluding ordinary contractual disputes with private citizens, making statement three incorrect. Pre-constitutional treaties and agreements are subject to jurisdictional exclusions specified within the proviso of Article 131. This jurisdiction underlines the federal arbiter role played by the apex court. High Courts do not possess original jurisdiction in inter-state disputes.